Portuguese strikers halted trains, shut ports and paralysed most public transport this week, but the limited scale of the protest against austerity measures seemed unlikely to weaken the government's resolve in implementing the terms of an EU/IMF bailout.

There was little impact beyond the transport sector from the strike that caused no major output disruptions at companies. The country's second-largest union, UGT, did not back the strike, unlike in previous work stoppages.

Armenio Carlos, the new Communist leader of CGTP, the country's largest union confederation, wants its 700,000 members to send a signal to the center-right government that the country will no longer tolerate the erosion of workers' rights, lower salaries and record high unemployment.

"We have to keep staging strikes, struggling. These policies do not resolve anything, we are on the same path as Greece," said Pedro Ramos, 38, a union coordinator who works for a state waste management company.

Ramos was one of a few hundred CGTP members who marched from Rossio square in downtown Lisbon to parliament. Many were singing old Communist songs from the bloodless Carnation revolution of 1974 that re-established democracy in Portugal.

Asked about the turn-out, he shrugged his shoulders, saying "it's so-so". Other groups were meeting in other points of Lisbon, but their numbers were far below those in last month's peaceful rally that brought together over 100,000 protesters.

A small group of young protesters clashed with police for a few minutes and two photographers covering the events were caught in the scuffles as the police charged the group. A police spokesman said one protestor was arrested and three people were injured, including a police officer.

The CGTP could not say how many workers had responded to the strike call, but said the railway system was crippled, including the international Lisbon-Madrid route. Lisbon's underground was shut. Many hospitals were only accepting emergencies. It also said rubbish collectors, ports and some schools had shut down across the country.

Many struggled into work, unconvinced by the call to strike and reluctant to lose money in support of it.

"They go on strike and hurt us," said Ana Maria Verissimo, 53, a cleaning lady, as she waited for one of the few buses still running in Lisbon. "This won't resolve anything. They'll have to find another way. If I go on strike, my pay cheque will be lower at the end of the month."

One of Smaller Strikes on Memory

There was little evidence of stoppages in the private sector, with Portugal's main exporter, Volkswagen's AutoEuropa plant, turning out cars. The government hopes exports will help lead the country out its recession by next year.

Flag carrier airline TAP was flying, and Lisbon airport functioning as normal. Output at both Portugal's oil refineries run by Galp was unaffected, according to the company.

"If you compare this strike to the previous general strikes in Portugal's democracy, this one clearly is in the low end," said Antonio Costa Pinto, research professor at the Institute of Social Sciences.

He said the fact that the UGT was not onboard was one factor reducing participation, while the government's recent about-turn on pay cuts in public companies due to be privatised "must have dissuaded a certain part of the public sector".

Government spokesman Luis Marques Guedes told a briefing that "the strike does not solve the country's problems and it seems to us that the majority of Portuguese understand that".

The government said it would not provide any figures on participation until the strike was over.

Second Bailout?

The Portuguese have so far shown little inclination for the kind of frequent and violent protests seen in Greece. The 520,000-strong UGT union has signed up to labour market reforms required by the European Union and IMF in return for the bailout and did not take part in the strike.

Facing its worst recession since the 1970s, Portugal was forced to take a bailout in May last year