b'24American Journal ofTransportation ajot.com(REFORMING continuedocean going vessels. The Pacificity and greenhouse gas benefitsCalifornia which does not havetechnologies even when cost and from page 22) Merchant Shipping Associationof alternative fuels and carbonanyexistingcommercialLNGinfrastructure arent available.Warehouses: Similarly, ware- (PMSA) and its member com- capture.Otherwise,availabilityexport terminals.At the Ports of Los Ange-houses have predictable environ- paniesarestronglycommit- ofcleanerfuelsinCalifornialesandLongBeach,thereis mental impacts because: ted to maintaining pathways towill be severely hindered by am arinet erminals anD more innovation and investment MostoftheiroperationsarevesseluseofalternativefuelslackoffuelingproductionandZ eroe missions incleancargohandlingequip-conducted indoors. inordertoreducethecarboninfrastructure. Thesecondchallengeisment than anywhere else in the OutdooractivityisprimarilyintensityofvesselemissionsBothCaliforniaandthetotransitionmarinetermi- country, and we need to support truckrelatedwithloadingandthroughout the world.InternationalMaritimeOrgani- nals to zero emissions and thatthediversityofapproachesto unloading operations. As such, PMSA applaudszation(IMO)haveestablishedis being achieved by terminalstestingtechnologyandinvest- The warehouse is not a manu- theintroductionofSB298,ambitiousdecarbonizationtar- thatareautomatedandsourceinginnewequipment.Some facturing facility and so there arebySenatorAnnaCaballerogets,withtheglobalgoalofelectricity to power cargo han- terminals, like YTI (Yusen Ter-no production related impacts. (D-Merced), which will requireuptakeofzeroGHG(green- dling equipment or secondly tominals International) for exam-Mostwarehousedesignsarethe development of a state planhouse gases) fuels by 2030 andincrementally switch over fromple are still testing both battery similar and will have predictablefor the production and deploy- net-zeroGHGemissionsfromdiesel-poweredcargo-handlingelectric and hydrogen fuel cell rainwater runoff characteristics. mentofalternativefuelsandinternational shipping by 2050.equipment such as top handlersequipmentThis is an incre-Under those characteristicscarboncapturetechnologiesatJacobsaysonepossibil- and rubber tire gantries and tran- mentalapproachthatisrepre-itshouldbepossibletouseCalifornias public seaports. Theity might be for the Californiasitiontozeroemissionbatterysentative of how many terminals existingdataandexperiencesuse of alternative fuels by ocean- Energy Commission to assumepower or hydrogen. are making the slow but steady to produce a permit applicationgoing vessels is rapidly growingtheresponsibilityforimple- TheEuropeanUnionhastransitiontozeroemissions. based on past practices and char- aroundtheworldtofacilitatementinganalternativefuelsadoptedapragmaticapproachMeanwhile APMT (A.P. Moller-acteristics, Jacob said. internationalcommitmentstopolicyforoceangoingvesselswhichistorecognizethatanyMaersk Terminal) and TraPac at Unfortunately,Californiadecarbonizeoceanshipping.sailingtoandfromCaliforniaprogressinheavydutyequip- LosAngelesandLongBeach does not allow for the streamlin- PMSAmembersarealreadyports, Jacob said adding: LNGment decarbonization should beContainerTerminalatLong ing of permit applications basedinvestingbillionsofdollarsinmayofferthebestshort-termsupported:Unfortunately,inBeach are examples of terminals on existing regulatory standards,the construction of new, cleaner,opportunityforvesselscall- CaliforniatheSouthCoastAirthat have already made the com-pastpracticesandexperiencesalternativefueledandalterna- ing on ports with an infrastruc- QualityManagementDistrictmitment to equipment that will and so, as a result, a long, costlytive fuel capable vessels. Undertureanddeliverysystemthatand the California Air Resourcesbepoweredbyelectricityand andtime-consumingprocessSB 298, the State will prepare toalreadyexistsinotherstatesBoard have insisted on the adap- thusprimarilyzeroemission. slows down permit applicationssupportthesegreeninitiativesthatarehandlingLNGasantationofpracticesthatdemand(REFORMING continued on causingdelaysineconomicand realize the immense air qual- energy product, thats not true intotallyzerotailpipeemissionpage 26)developmentandjobcreation withnegligiblebenefittothe environment.Thissystemneedsto change, Jacob added.G reenf uels fors hipsShipscallingCalifornia ports have already made sub- Powering Our Economystantialprogressinreducing vesselemissionsSOx(Sul-phur dioxide) has been reducedThePortofLongBeachismovingrecordamountsofcargowithout byover98%andDieselPM (particulatematter)isdownbacklogs or disruptions, and were doing it greener than ever, lowering 93% from ships in the latest Portemissionsdramaticallywhilekeepingthesupplychainmovingand of LA and Port of Long Beach emissions inventories. The nextsupporting millions of jobs.step for vessel emissions control isdecarbonization.However, themovetozeroemissionsis likely to be long and expensive. OnechallengefacingCalifor-niaportswhenfacedwiththe issueofdecarbonizationof vesselswillbeprovidingves-sels with alternative fuels. New ships that are coming online are being fueled by next generation fuel sources including LNG and methanol. There are other fuels such as hydrogen and ammonia thatcouldprovidezeroemis-sionsolutions,butcosts,pro-duction,supply,anddelivery are a challenge. Carbon capture is another alternative for reduc-ing emissions.Rightnow,thereisno agencyinCaliforniathathas beendelegatedwithdevelop-ingtheinfrastructure,delivery, andfuelnecessarytoachieve decarbonizationforships.For example, Maersk has built sev-eralshipspoweredbygreen methanol, but when it sailed its first methanol ship to California lastyearthecompanydiscov-eredthatitcouldonlysource this fuel from China. Faced with the prospect that countries and regions are reluctant to invest in afuelorfuelinginfrastructure that might not have a long-term market, vessel owners will need torespondtothisuncertainty and have begun further diversi-fyingtheiralternatively-fueled vessels into LNG when looking at their decarbonization goals.sB 298PMSA is supporting legis-lationintheCaliforniaLegis-lature to implement a plan to produce, distribute, and deliver reduced carbon fuel regimes for'