Spanning almost two centuries, the Port of Galveston’s fascinating history could fill a book with tales of pirates, naval battles, riches, and resilience. As we mark the port’s official 198th anniversary, I wanted to share with you a sampling of the colorful characters and major milestones for the oldest U.S. port west of the Mississippi River.
One of the most famous early Galveston residents was buccanner Jean Lafitte. He built a fort on the rugged island and operated his fleet of ships from 1817 until 1821. After one of his captains mistakenly raided an American ship, the U.S. government sent a cutter to make sure Lafitte left the island permanently.
Stephen F. Austin, early Texas settler and a founding father of the Republic of Texas, visited the island shortly after arriving in the Mexican-governed region in 1821. He described it as having “the best natural port that I have seen.”
We mark the port’s official founding as Oct. 17, 1825, the date that the Mexican government, at Austin’s urging, designated it as a provisional port and customs entry point.
The port played a vital commercial and military role in the Texas Republic’s battle for independence from Mexico. Its harbor was home to the Texas Navy, a squadron of four sailing vessels, which contributed to Sam Houston’s success over General Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana at the Battle of San Jacinto in 1836.
As the natural harbor grew in prominence, the city of Galveston, founded in 1839, grew around the port.
In 1837, New Yorker Charles Morgan opened the first steamship service with weekly trips to and from New Orleans. In 1854, several waterfront operations came together to found the privately held Galveston Wharf and Compress Company, which would later become the Port of Galveston.
Michel B. Menard, a Canadian-born trader and merchant who co-founded Galveston, was the company’s first chief executive officer. After his passing in 1856, John Sealy Jr. held the role until 1884. Sealy was a banker and merchant who gave money to build a Galveston hospital that eventually led to today’s University of Texas Medical Branch.
During the Civil War, both sides vyed for control of the major seaport in the largest city in Texas. Federal troops maintained a blockade during much of the war. In 1863, Confederate forces expelled occupying Union troops from Galveston after a naval and land battle known as the Battle of Galveston.
By the 1870s, the Port of Galveston was a major U.S. commercial center with far-reaching maritime and rail connections. This fact helped Galveston win $6.2 million in federal funding in 1890 to become a deepwater port. By 1899, the port was the world’s foremost cotton port.
In 1940, the citizens of Galveston voted to buy the privately held port properties to become a self-sustaining city entity, which it remains today.
Cheers to the Galveston Wharves on its 198th anniversary and to the leaders, past and present, who have helped it become the vital economic engine that it is today.
