The United States and China concluded wide-ranging trade talks on agriculture, software and other issues.

Here is a summary that incorporates some closing remarks made by U.S. and Chinese officials:

Software Legalization

China agreed to a number of steps to address U.S. concerns about software piracy. U.S. officials said private-sector experts estimate a 50 percent drop in piracy would increase legal software sales by around $4.0 billion.

China said it was establishing software asset management systems for government agencies to more effectively implement software legalization.

Budgets will include entries for purchasing, upgrading, and replacing Chinese agency software.

Thirty major Chinese state-owned enterprises will participate in a pilot project with the government aimed at boosting use of legal software.

The United States and China will hold further talks before the middle of January on how to verify compliance with legalization requirements.

China's "Imdigemous Innovation" Polices
China agreed it would not make the location of the development or ownership of intellectual property a direct or indirect condition for eligibility for government procurement preferences for products and services. This addresses a concern that U.S. companies could be forced to transfer intellectual property to China to compete for procurement contracts.

China will revise its major equipment catalogue in 2011 and publish a draft for public comment.

The revised measure will not be used for import substitution or to provide export subsidies, or otherwise to discriminate against foreign suppliers.

3G/Future Technologies

U.S. officials expect 3G infrastructure investment in China to reach $10 billion to $12 billion by 2011, and said future technologies infrastructure investment will likely reach a similar level.

China agreed that it will not provide preferential treatment based on the standard or technology used in 3G or successor networks.

China also confirmed that regulation of spectrum would not be used as a basis to discriminate against any technology.

Government Procurment
U.S. officials said China has indicated its government purchases total more than $88 billion annually.

China agreed to submit a robust, second revised offer to the WTO Government Procurement Committee before the committee's final meeting in 2011.

The content and specific timing of the offer will be based on consultations with individual subcentral entities, state-owned enterprises and other entities.

China will in government procurement give equal treatment to innovation products produced in China by foreign-invested enterprises and by Chinese-invested enterprises.

Smart Grid
U.S. officials said China plans to invest $10 billion annually from 2011 to 2020 to build a national smart grid and to invest an additional $590 billion in constructing an electric power grid.

China agreed to ensure that processes for developing standards in China are open and transparent and to provide opportunities for foreign stakeholders to participate on the same terms as domestic stakeholders.

China welcomed opportunities to collaborate with the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology in developing smart grid standards.

China committed that all enterprises in China, including state-owned enterprises and state-invested enterprises, will make purchases and sales based solely on commercial considerations.

Wind Power Equipment
China's renewable energy market is expected to reach $100 billion by 2020, with wind energy the fastest growing sector, U.S. officials said.

China confirmed that it will recognize the experience of foreign companies outside China for the purposes of meeting experience requirements to supply equipment for large-scale wind power projects.

China said foreign companies may submit documentation based on existing installed wind power projects overseas in order to demonstrate technical requirements for eligi