30 
American Journal of Transportation
American Journal of Transportation  
ajot.com
Act would allow interstate carriers to get a single VA 
approval for nationwide apprenticeship programs, 
making it easier for companies to hire veterans.
Justice Involved Workers Provide New Drivers 
and Second Chances
Another innovative approach to attract drivers is 
the Justice Involved Program, which has been viewed 
as highly effective. The program, a partnership with 
the NYC Mayor’s Office of Criminal Justice (MOC) 
and Emerge Career, targets formerly incarcerated 
individuals deemed low risk for trucking jobs.
The program offers CDL training, vocational 
education, coaching, and support services such as 
housing, mental health care, and childcare to help 
participants prepare for trucking careers. Indus-
try representatives say the program has exceeded 
expectations, with more than 380 justice-involved 
New Yorkers enrolling.
Similar programs are being implemented nation-
wide. In North Carolina, the program provides work 
training and on-the-job training, with participants 
who complete the program being hired.
The Justice Involved Program has shown that 
structured, supportive, industry-aligned training can 
attract formerly incarcerated individuals to truck-
ing careers. Not only does this Program attract new 
potential truck drivers, but it offers a second chance 
for the justice-involved to enter the workplace.
Attracting drivers is only one aspect of the driver 
shortage. The freight recession resulted in 28,000 
truck drivers being displaced in 2026. Federal regu-
lations eliminated another 180,000 drivers, with the 
majority choosing not to return to the industry.
Regardless of freight demand, large carriers 
routinely experience 90-95 percent annual turnover, 
meaning most drivers must be replaced every 12-18 
months. This high rate of churn can be attributed to 
many factors. However, recent research by ATRI 
identified two issues that concern drivers and ulti-
mately affect career decisions. These are excessive 
detention and delays and a lack of truck parking.
Excessive Detention and Delays Contribute to 
Driver Shortage
Every hour that a truck is idling due to deten-
tion and delays is a financial drain on carriers, as 
well as a key point of frustration for drivers, many 
of whom are paid by the mile. Research done by 
ATRI in 2024 found that 39.3 percent of all deliv-
eries involved detention, which is defined as wait 
times exceeding the standard two-hour time window 
at shipper and receiver facilities.
These delays are even more difficult for drivers 
when shippers or receivers do not allow them inside or 
provide access to restrooms or food. The FMCSA has 
also documented average dwell times of 3.4 hours.
Owens views part of the solution to the prob-
lem as communication with shippers about the 
issue. He said, “This is an example of the 80-20 
rule. Most shippers attempt to keep schedules on 
track, while the ones who do not cause hardships 
for carriers and drivers.”
There are also technology solutions. Dock 
scheduling software can help shippers ensure 
appointment windows are aligned with demand, and 
programs for process optimization support a shift 
to drop-and-hook models and can be used to gener-
ate digital bills of lading. Technology can also help 
shippers scale warehouse staffing and dock equip-
ment capacity to match peak volumes.
Carriers can use automated tracking through 
required electronic logging devices, and other 
mobile tools can be used to timestamp facility entry 
and exit. Sending automated pre-arrival updates and 
alerts before free-time periods expire is another way 
to keep schedules on track.
With capacity beginning to tighten, carriers now 
have greater leverage to choose to do business with 
what Owens calls “shippers of choice.” He notes that 
carriers can actively decline loads or effectively “fire” 
shippers that routinely cause excessive detention.
Carriers can also negotiate and enforce struc-
tured hourly detention pay while documenting 
delays to support payment claims.
Lack of Truck Parking is a Safety Concern and 
Causes Driver Frustration
Another issue of concern to drivers is a lack of 
truck parking. If a driver’s hours are running out, 
time spent searching for parking in safe places can 
cause frustration and add to the physical demands of 
truck driving.
Government agencies, industry groups, and 
private companies are working to address the lack 
of truck parking with federal funding grants, legis-
lation like the Truck Parking Safety Improvement 
Act, expansion of public rest areas, and private-sec-
tor tools to help drivers find and reserve safe spaces.
Truck Drivers Keep the Economy Moving Even 
During Difficult Times
During the early days of the COVID-19 pan-
demic, Owens notes that drivers were viewed 
as heroes. Despite concerns for personal safety, 
they consistently showed up for work, delivering 
life-saving medicine to medical facilities and neces-
sities like food and water to consumers.
Owens recommends that all stakeholders 
remember those times and recognize the contribu-
tion that truck drivers make every day. They are 
not just parts of the supply chain, but people whose 
commitment is critical to the nation’s economy and 
the welfare of citizens.
(SHORTAGE – continued from page 24)
logistics segments in which COSCO SHIPPING 
North America has invested—for example, does this 
expansion include warehousing and trucking (dray-
age, chassis, intermodal, etc.) services? Does the 
movement of perishables (temperature-controlled 
logistics) also fall under this initiative?
Houghtalin: Over the years, COSCO SHIP-
PING North America has established a stable and 
diversified presence across the region and devel-
oped into an integrated end-to-end supply chain 
service provider, building on the strength of its 
ocean shipping network. Leveraging COSCO 
SHIPPING’s global shipping resources and inte-
grated supply chain platform, the Company pro-
vides comprehensive logistics solutions across the 
United States, Canada, Mexico, and Panama. Its 
services span ocean freight, inland transportation, 
customs brokerage, warehousing, e-commerce 
fulfillment, and final-mile delivery. In the United 
States, the Company operates an asset-based truck-
ing network from key logistics hubs, including Los 
Angeles/Long Beach, Houston, Dallas-Fort Worth, 
Chicago, Charleston, Savannah, and Atlanta. The 
network provides port and rail drayage services 
with coverage extending into key inland markets, 
along with bonded and 24/7 transportation capa-
bilities to meet diverse customer needs. The Com-
pany also operates more than 700,000 square feet 
of non-bonded warehouse space across key U.S. 
logistics hubs, including Charleston, Savannah, 
Chicago, Fort Worth, Houston, and Tuscaloosa. Its 
warehousing services include distribution, general 
cargo handling, transloading, and fulfillment, sup-
ported by both in-house capabilities and established 
local partners. For cross-border e-commerce cus-
tomers, particularly those handling medium- and 
large-sized products, the Company provides inte-
grated logistics solutions supported by an estab-
lished overseas warehouse network. The network 
connects major ports in China and Southeast Asia 
with key US gateway markets, including Los Ange-
les/Long Beach, New York, Houston, Chicago, 
and Savannah. As both a Non-Vessel Operating 
Common Carrier (NVOCC) and freight forwarder, 
COSCO SHIPPING North America leverages its 
network of offices, trucking operations, warehouse 
facilities, and local service partners, together with 
close cooperation with all six Class I railroads and 
leading intermodal providers, to connect major 
ports and inland markets across the United States, 
Canada, Mexico, and Panama.
Supported by digital logistics systems and a 
professional, multilingual team, COSCO SHIP-
PING North America provides efficient, transpar-
ent, and reliable supply chain solutions to customers 
across industries including retail, building materials, 
healthcare, and chemical raw materials.
AJOT: It was mentioned earlier that COSCO 
was also investing in supply chain operations in 
Central America and, in April, COSCO announced 
a chassis investment project in Honduras. Could you 
give us an overview of the Honduras investment and 
how it fits into the overall supply chain? Are there 
any other countries or regions that have similar 
non-ocean supply chain investments, and are more 
investments planned for the future?
Houghtalin: The Honduras chassis project is an 
example of how COSCO SHIPPING North Amer-
ica is expanding beyond ocean transportation to 
strengthen inland logistics and end-to-end supply 
chain capabilities across Central America. In April 
2026, the Company delivered 30 chassis units to 
Puerto Cortés, Honduras, through its North America 
Supply Chain Operations Platform. The investment 
is intended to address a shortage of chassis equip-
ment in the local market, improve the efficiency 
of cargo movement between the port and inland 
destinations, and strengthen COSCO SHIPPING’s 
trucking and integrated supply chain capabilities in 
Honduras. More broadly, the project supports the 
Company’s strategy of building localized logistics 
capabilities across the region. It is designed to work 
alongside existing feeder services and local distribu-
tion networks, improving service stability, respon-
siveness, and end-to-end execution. The Company 
is also expanding its integrated warehousing and 
distribution capabilities. On June 1, 2026, the joint 
venture warehouse between COSCO SHIPPING 
and WESTERN POST officially commenced oper-
ations, strengthening the Company’s cross-border 
e-commerce fulfillment capabilities by integrating 
ocean freight, warehousing, order fulfillment, and 
last-mile delivery. Located approximately eight 
miles from the Port of Savannah, the facility pro-
vides integrated services for B2B and B2C custom-
ers and further strengthens COSCO SHIPPING’s 
ability to provide end-to-end supply chain solutions 
beyond ocean transportation.
Eric Thomas, Executive Director, 
CORBA
“Location, location, location… The Ports of 
Cincinnati and Northern Ken-
tucky (PCNK) is ideally sit-
uated in the heartland of the 
U.S.  PCNK is within a one-
day drive of 55 percent of 
the population of the U.S., 
and 45 percent or more of the 
country’s manufacturers.  The 
region is connected to these 
by major interstate con-
nections via I-71, I-74, 
and I-75, the Ohio 
River, and regional 
airports, 
including 
CVG, which is fast 
becoming a leading 
freight airport in the 
country.  These, obvi-
ously, create great opportunities for the region.  Some 
challenges relative to “port” operations include lim-
ited property along the Ohio River for further port 
development activities, and declining demand for 
coal due to shuttering power plants.”
Thomas acknowledges the wide range of fac-
tors that have hindered the development of Contain-
er-on-Barge (COB) service, but he still sees merit in it. 
“With all the pressure on the supply chains, such 
as highway and rail congestion, and truck driver 
shortages, the prospect of seeing some freight move 
to a COB solution is still within reason,” Thomas 
said.  “I believe we will still need to see technologi-
cal advancements, however, to address the concerns 
for speed of delivery.  Also, COB solutions will be 
quite regional in nature.  COB solutions, obviously, 
will only develop in areas where there are naviga-
ble, barge-served waterways.”
Thomas said agricultural goods, including grains 
and fertilizers, along with other bulk commodities, 
including aggregates, metal-related goods, and chem-
icals, continue to be bright spots for transportation on 
inland river systems, including the Ohio River.  But, 
like other Ohio River users, Thomas sees infrastruc-
ture improvements as a critical priority. 
“The Ohio River is a part of an interconnected 
inland river system.   A weakness anywhere in 
the system has an effect on the entire system,” he 
said.  “Aging locks and dams exist throughout, and 
CORBA remains focused on a systemwide approach 
to strategic investments that ensures optimization 
and efficiency throughout the entire system.”
(SUPERHIGHWAY – continued from page 20)
(INVESTS – continued from page 28)

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